Depreciation
Definition
The gradual deduction of the cost of a business asset over its useful life. Instead of deducting the full cost in the year of purchase, you spread it over several years. Common methods include straight-line depreciation and MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System). Section 179 allows immediate expensing of qualifying assets up to $1,220,000 in 2025.
Example
You purchase a $10,000 computer for your business. Using 5-year MACRS depreciation, you'd deduct $2,000 in the first year, $3,200 in the second, and decreasing amounts over the remaining years. Or, you could use Section 179 to deduct the full $10,000 immediately.